Eveleen
Chung
College!
3/25/2014
Rough Draft
Homosexuals in fraternities, though not
common, are slowly rising in number and support. Some fraternities were even
known to be particularly accepting of gays. One openly homosexual male
described his fellow brothers’ attitude about his sexuality: “The thing that
was the best…I knew going into it they weren’t going to have an issue, and that
was helpful” (Hussey, Heather D.,
and Toni L. Bisconti). Though not the case for all fraternities or even
the majority of them, it is still comforting to know that there are parts of
Greek life who’re embracing differences in sexuality. Alas, that positive
attitude doesn’t seem to carry over to homosexual women in sororities. In
comparison to male homosexuals, lesbians in sororities suffer more open
hostility and negative stereotypes. As a result, they have a more diminished presence
on campus. One Greek-affiliated male from a small, private Midwestern university
with an active LGBTQ community confessed, “When [the interviewer] mentioned it,
I don’t know a single girl in any house that [is homosexual.]”A girl from the
same university stated that her housemates’ attitudes and snide comments about
other lesbians put off her coming-out until her senior year (Hussey 129). Why
would lesbians have a more negative reaction in Greek life than a gay male?
Part of this difference in treatment lies in the dominant perception of women,
specifically sorority women. Even for heterosexual, white girls with blonde
hair and good looks, the rushing process is incredibly intimidating. Mara, a
pledge for a top tier sorority in her school, described the peer dynamics of
the house as “heavily… based on appearance, and looks, and materialistic things”
(Armstrong). The other part lies in lack of media attention. Both parts tie
into the fact that while “gays” are more “mainstream” than are either lesbians
or women bisexuals.
I had always imagined that gender stereotypes -- which tend to coincide with stereotypes about homosexuality -- are pretty prevalent throughout Greek life. So I am surprised about your research on the acceptance of homosexual men in fraternities. I am not sure if further research will support that view as common.
ReplyDeleteIn any event, the question you are asking is a good one and worth pursuing. You need to see if there has been research on this, or if anyone discusses the topic. Definitely Armstrong and Hamilton (and probably Armstrong alone in articles) have found that lesbians do not generally feel welcome in sorority culture. But I would like to see some research on this that you are working with right away.
You need additional research. Here are some suggestions:
ReplyDelete"ATTITUDES AND BELIEFS OF HETEROSEXUAL SORORITY WOMEN
TOWARD LESBIAN AND BISEXUAL CHAPTER MEMBERS."
DANIEL C. NEUMANN, MARk A. kRETOvICS, & ELISABETH C. ROCCOFORTE
Oracle: The Research Journal of the Association of Fraternity/Sorority Advisors
8.1 (Spring 2013): 1-15.
http://afa1976.org/Portals/0/documents/Oracle/HeteroSpring2013Oracle-2.pdf
Pamela W. Freeman and Shane L. Windmeyer. Secret Sisters: Stories of Being Lesbian and Bisexual in a College Sorority. Alyson Books (April 1, 2001)
http://www.amazon.com/Secret-Sisters-Stories-Bisexual-Sorority/dp/1555835880/
This could be especially useful for case material.
Worthen, Meredith G. F.
"Blaming the Jocks and the Greeks? Exploring Collegiate Athletes' and Fraternity/Sorority Members' Attitudes Toward LGBT Individuals."
Journal of College Student Development 55.2 (March 2014): 168-195.
Abstract:
While past research has documented significant relationships between both athletic and Greek system (fraternity and sorority) membership and negative attitudes toward gays and lesbians, such work seems to vilify membership in athletics and the Greek system as causal mechanisms of homophobia. In this way, athletes and Greeks may be easy targets to blame for the homophobia evident on college campuses. However, it may be more productive to attempt to identify underlying constructs that are related to collegiate athletes' and fraternity/sorority members' attitudes to best inform campus LGBT programs. In this study, athletes' and fraternity and sorority members' attitudes toward lesbian, gay, bisexual men and women, and transgender (LGBT) individuals are examined. Further exploration considers how LGBT affiliations (i.e., knowing LGBT individuals, knowing about LGBT programs, and having Gay-Straight Alliances in high school) and religiosity may mediate the relationship between athletic and Greek membership and attitudes toward LGBT individuals. Results show that being a male athlete or being a fraternity member is related to unsupportive attitudes toward LGBT individuals; however, LGBT affiliations and religiosity mediate some of the significant relationships. In contrast, being a female athlete is unrelated to attitudes toward LGBT individuals while being a sorority member is related to attitudes toward LGBT individuals in some models. Campus LGBT program implications for both athletes and Greek system members are provided.
http://issuu.com/campuspride/docs/oracle_vol1_iss1_case
King-To Yeung and Mindy Stombler, “Gay and Greek: The
Identity Paradox of Gay Fraternities,” Social Problems, 47, 134-152
Joyce McCarl Nielsen, Glenda Walden, and Charlotte A. Kunkel, “Gendered Heteronormativity:
Empirical Illustrations in Everyday Life” Sociological Quarterly, 41, 283-296.
Judith Butler, Excitable Speech: A Politics of the Performative (New York:
Routledge, 1997).